Special Categories of Foreigners: Residence Permit for Students, Pensioners, and Refugees in the Republic of Moldova

The Republic of Moldova offers various options for obtaining a temporary residence permit depending on the purpose of a foreign national’s stay. In addition to employment-based migration, special categories such as students, pensioners, and refugees can apply for legal residence in Moldova, each with its own specific conditions and procedures. This article provides a comprehensive overview of who qualifies, how to obtain a residence permit, and what rights it grants.

How to Obtain a Residence Permit for Students in the Republic of Moldova

Moldova has become an increasingly attractive destination for international students due to affordable tuition fees, international study programs, and diplomas recognized in multiple European countries.

To qualify for a temporary residence permit for studies, the student must be enrolled in an accredited educational institution in a full-time program.

The main requirements for obtaining a student residence permit include:

  • An official acceptance letter from the university.
  • Proof of tuition fee payment for the current academic year.
  • Proof of sufficient financial means (bank statement or sponsorship declaration).
  • Proof of accommodation (rental contract or university dormitory confirmation).
  • Valid health insurance covering the entire study period.

The process begins with obtaining a long-term visa (Type D) if the student’s country does not have a visa-free regime with Moldova. Upon arrival, the student must submit an application for a temporary residence permit to the Public Services Agency (Agenția Servicii Publice – ASP) within 30 days of entering the country.

The residence permit is issued for one year and must be renewed annually until the completion of studies. Students holding this permit are not allowed to work unless engaged in internships or voluntary activities.

Residence Permit for Pensioners: Benefits and Simplified Procedures

Foreign pensioners can apply for a temporary residence permit based on family reunification or financial self-sufficiency.

Eligible categories include:

  • Citizens from other countries who have a stable income (pension, savings, or other financial sources).
  • Individuals relocating to live permanently with their children or other family members in Moldova.

The key requirements for obtaining a residence permit for pensioners are:

  • Proof of pensioner status (certificate issued by the competent authority in the country of origin).
  • Proof of a stable monthly income (usually above the minimum wage in Moldova).
  • Proof of residence (rental contract or property ownership).
  • Mandatory health insurance.

The benefits of this residence permit include:

  • No obligation to work.
  • Eligibility for permanent residence after three years of residency.
  • Favorable tax treatment for income earned outside Moldova.
  • Access to healthcare services under national legislation.

The initial permit is granted for one year, with the possibility of annual renewal.

How Can Refugees from Ukraine Obtain a Residence Permit in Moldova

Since 2022, Moldova has implemented simplified protection procedures for Ukrainian citizens. Ukrainian refugees can apply for temporary protection status or a humanitarian residence permit.

The available options include:

  1. Temporary Protection Status – allows Ukrainian citizens to stay in Moldova without applying for asylum, granting them the right to work, medical services, and social assistance.
  2. Asylum Application – a more complex procedure intended for individuals who claim specific risks of persecution in their home country.
  3. Temporary Residence Permit for Humanitarian Purposes – granted to Ukrainians who have family members in Moldova or wish to obtain long-term legal status.

The application process involves:

  • Valid identity documents (passport or Ukrainian ID card).
  • Proof of need for protection (not required for temporary protection status).
  • Submitting an application to the Public Services Agency (ASP).

Refugees are granted the right to work without requiring an additional work permit, and their children may be enrolled in Moldovan schools and kindergartens.

What Rights Do Foreigners with a Humanitarian Residence Permit Have

A temporary residence permit for humanitarian reasons is issued to individuals who do not qualify for other categories but require special protection. This includes:

  • Individuals in need of long-term medical treatment.
  • Victims of human trafficking or violence.
  • Family members of Moldovan citizens who do not meet the criteria for other residence permits.

Rights granted under this permit include:

  • The right to reside and move freely within Moldova.
  • Access to healthcare and social services.
  • The ability to work, but only with a valid work authorization.

Holders of a humanitarian residence permit cannot apply immediately for permanent residence – they must reside in Moldova for a minimum of five years before becoming eligible.

Special Conditions for EU Citizens and Other Foreign Nationals

Citizens of the European Union benefit from a simplified procedure for obtaining a residence permit in Moldova. While non-EU nationals must obtain a work authorization or provide justification for their stay, EU citizens may reside in Moldova for up to 90 days without a visa and apply for a long-term residence permit through an easier process.

The main reasons for obtaining a residence permit include:

  • Employment with a local company (no work permit required).
  • Investment or business registration.
  • Family reunification with Moldovan citizens.

Key documents required for EU citizens:

  • Passport or national identity card.
  • Proof of residence in Moldova.
  • Proof of financial self-sufficiency.

For third-country nationals (e.g., Russia, Turkey, Israel), the process is stricter, but there are fast-track procedures for investors and highly skilled professionals.